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Normative Family Interactions

Hmong American Adolescents' Perceptions of Their Parents

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, slamborn{at}uwm.edu or

MyLou Moua

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, mylou{at}uwm.edu

Hmong American adolescents' perceptions of their parents were examined using the parenting styles and family ecologies models. Individual interviews of forty 11- to 18-year-old Hmong American teenagers resulted in open-ended and fixed-choice responses. In the open-ended responses, adolescents emphasized themes of parental involvement and depending on the family for support. The theme of depending on the family was more commonly used to describe mothers, whereas respectful relationships was used more frequently to describe fathers. Two emergent themes were the adolescents' views of fathers as hard-working but absent and the adolescents' understanding that parents were preparing them for "the good life." Using fixed-choice warmth and behavioral control scores, 40% of mothers and 27.5% of fathers were identified as authoritative. The remaining parents showed authoritarian, permissive, or neglectful parenting styles. The older adolescents described relationships with parents that were less close than the descriptions provided by younger adolescents.

Key Words: Hmong Americans • parenting practices • normative development

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